A Quassinoid Diterpenoid Eurycomanone from Eurycoma longifolia Jack Exerts Anti-Cancer Effect through Autophagy Inhibition

A Quassinoid Diterpenoid Eurycomanone from Eurycoma longifolia Jack Exerts Anti-Cancer Effect through Autophagy Inhibition

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Eurycomanone (EN) is one of the representative quassinoid diterpenoids from roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack, a natural medicine that is widely distributed in Southeast Asia.Previous studies showed that EN induces cancer cell apoptosis and exhibits anti-cancer activity, but the molecular mechanism Krisis breekt uit: identiteit, politiek, cultuur of EN against cancer has still not been elucidated.In this study, we examined the regulatory effect of EN on autophagy to reveal the mechanism of EN-mediated colon cancer growth inhibition.First, we found that EN is able to inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and colony formation.

The angiogenesis level in cancer cells was inhibited as well.Next, the treatment of EN A parametric study and experimental investigations of microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-layered structure of metal core wire using wire arc additive manufacturing led to the suppression of autophagy, which was characterized by the downregulation of the LC3-II level and the formation of GFP-LC3 puncta under EN treatment in colon cancer.Moreover, we revealed that the mTOR signaling pathway was activated by EN in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.Finally, autophagy induction protected colon cancer cells from EN treatment, suggesting that autophagy improves cell survival.

Taken together, our findings revealed the mechanism of EN against colon cancer through inhibiting autophagy and angiogenesis in colon cancer, supporting that the autophagy inhibitor EN could be developed to be a novel anti-cancer agent.